Domestic Abuse Commissioner calls for CPA funding, research and resources

Harriet Ernstsons-Evans • November 8, 2021

The Domestic Abuse Commissioner has today released a Rapid Literature Review into Child to Parent Abuse...

The report was prepared for the Domestic Abuse Commissioner's office by Dr Victoria Baker and Helen Bonnick. They looked at a range of questions including what exactly constitutes Child to Parent Abuse, what are the causes/contexts, how does it link to other forms of abuse, what's the impact, what are the current approaches, and are there gaps in our current knowledge and research.

One of the issues highlighted was the range of terminology and definitions used when describing CPA (indeed, at PEGS we refer to it as Child to Parent Abuse as we feel this encapsulates all behaviours from children of any age including youngsters, teens and adult offspring - in the review they refer to CAPVA or Child and Adolescent to Parent Violence and Abuse).


The authors identify wide-ranging impacts on the parents/carers/guardians, on others in the family, and on the child themselves - including physical, emotional, space and movement restrictions, financial and legal consequences.


And they highlight there's no one explanation which can identify why CPA occurs - instead there are a complex set of factors including, but in no way limited to, mental ill health, substance abuse, and having previously witnessed domestic abuse. There are some demographic factors which may put certain families at higher risk - but again these are in no way definite. Including parenting in these factors can (and has) been highlighted as victim blaming.


The report acknowledges that CPA doesn't end at the age of 18 - and that, until recently, the issue was largely unrecognised in social policy.


And of course, there are a number of recommendations made, including:

  • A Home-Office-led consultation to agree a national definition and terminology
  • Including data in yearly Office for National Statistics surveys
  • Longitudinal research looking at the long-term effects
  • Research to also reflect young people's experiences and perspectives
  • A dedicated national policy
  • Additional funding and training for local authorities and agencies to help them implement the policy
  • A national helpline and digital resource for parents


Do read the full report or the executive summary for more information.

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Service Shoutout: A Better Tomorrow 
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One of the things we hear most often at PEGS is: “They don’t hit me… but they destroy the house.” A door kicked through. A phone smashed. A hole in the wall. Personal belongings ripped up or thrown outside. Furniture overturned. Glass shattered. And almost always, the parent follows it with, “I don’t know if this counts.” It does. In our work, 91% of the parents we support tell us that their property has been damaged or destroyed as part of their child’s behaviour. That’s not a one-off loss of temper. That’s a pattern. And patterns matter. It’s rarely about the object When something gets broken in this context, it is rarely random. Parents say things like: “He knows exactly what to break.” “It’s always something important to me.” “When the door goes, I know it’s about control.” Property damage in Child to Parent Abuse is often about power. It can be a way of saying: I can reach you. I can frighten you. Nothing here is safe. You can’t stop me. Over time, it changes how parents live in their own homes. They hide things. They replace items with cheaper versions. They stop putting pictures on walls. They choose their words carefully. They walk on eggshells. It isn’t “just stuff”. It’s about intimidation, control and fear. The impact most people don’t see There is the obvious damage - the broken door, the smashed screen. But what often goes unseen is everything that comes with it. The financial pressure can be relentless. Replacing phones. Repairing walls. Fixing locks. Some parents go into debt. Others live with damage because they simply can’t afford to fix it. For families in rented accommodation, there is another layer of fear. We have spoken to parents who are terrified of eviction because of the state of their home. “I dread the landlord inspection more than the arguments.” There are safety risks too. Items thrown in anger don’t always land where they were intended. Siblings witness it. Younger children absorb it. Pets hide. And then there is the emotional toll. Parents describe the dread - the constant waiting for the next crash or bang. The way their body stays tense. The shame of not telling anyone what’s happening. The fear of being blamed. “It’s the anticipation. Listening for footsteps. Wondering what will go next.” When your home stops feeling safe, it affects everything. Why it gets minimised Property damage is often dismissed as “normal teenage anger” or “behavioural issues”. Parents are told they need stronger boundaries, better consequences, and different parenting strategies. But when property damage forms part of a pattern of intimidation, threats or emotional harm, it is not simply behaviour. It is part of Child to Parent Abuse. If we ignore it because it hasn’t yet crossed a criminal threshold, we miss the opportunity to intervene early. What might help The first step is recognising that this matters. If things are being broken in a way that feels frightening, targeted or controlling, trust that instinct. Safety planning can help - thinking about safe spaces, about who you could contact if things escalate, about reducing immediate risks where possible. Reducing isolation matters too. Shame thrives in silence. Speaking to someone who understands Child to Parent Abuse can shift that sense of being alone with it. Professionals also need to recognise property damage for what it can represent. It isn’t always about anger management. Sometimes it is about power, and that requires a different response. At PEGS, we believe parents deserve to feel safe in their own homes. If your belongings are being destroyed and it feels bigger than “just stuff”, you are not overreacting. You are responding to harm.  And you deserve support that understands that.
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