First large-scale study of parental killing in England and Wales

Harriet Ernstsons-Evans • October 21, 2021

*Trigger warning* The following blog contains information about research conducted into hundreds of incidents where a parent was killed by their child, including detail of the method used. Please only read the blog, and the research itself, if you feel emotionally able to do so.

Dr Amanda Holt is one of the key academics in the UK when it comes to Child to Parent Abuse (and she also sits on the board of PEGS to help advise us on how we support parents and train professionals).

Her role within the University of Roehampton’s criminology department has seen her recently research and publish England and Wales’ first national analysis of parricide.

Parricide is when a parent (including adoptive or step-parent) is killed by their child, either through a single incident or a culmination of abuse/neglect.

Using the Home Office Homicide Index, Dr Holt was able to identify 693 incidents between 1977 and 2012 – equating to around 19 each year. In 23 of those incidents, both parents were killed while the rest claimed the life of one parent.

That’s at least one parent killed every 19 days in England and Wales.

What do we know about the suspects? Around 90% were male | They ranged in age from 11 to 69 | Around 9% were juveniles (under 18).

What do we know about the victims? 51% of those killed were fathers and 49% were mothers | They ranged in age from 25 to 101 | 84% were white, 8% black and 7% Asian.

The most common methods were using a blunt or sharp instrument (60%), strangulation (16%), kicking or hitting (10%), and shooting (7%).

And the most common outcome for the suspect was being found guilty of manslaughter (54%), with 26% being found guilty of murder, 16% being found guilty or other/unknown charges, and 4% being found not guilty by reason of insanity.

Our Founding Director Michelle John said: “Child to Parent Abuse is an uncomfortable topic for many of us to talk about, even more so when we are reflecting on the killing of a parent. It’s so far removed from the reality of most people’s lives, but sadly it is all too real for the loved ones of more than 700 people killed by their children in the 35 years this study covers, and those who have lost their lives since.

“While an isolated incident resulting in the death of a parent might be harder to stop, where the deaths are the result of ongoing abuse or neglect, that represents a tragically missed opportunity by authorities to intervene.

“This research represents a hugely valuable resource for professionals to be able to use as they increase their knowledge and refine their policies and practices around situations where a parent is in danger.”

Click here to read the full report.

By PEGS Admin August 28, 2025
Showcase Your Work at Breaking the Silence 2025 
By PEGS Admin August 22, 2025
This Months Service Shoutout: Hub of Hope
By PEGS Admin August 19, 2025
When Words Hurt – Facing Verbal Abuse from Your Child There are few things more emotionally painful than hearing cruel, dismissive or demeaning words from your own child. Whether they’re still under your roof or are well into adulthood, being spoken to in a verbally abusive way by the very person you raised with love and care can leave parents feeling confused, heartbroken and alone. It's not something we often talk about openly. Parents may fear being judged or blamed or they may question whether their experience is even valid. But verbal abuse from a child whether they’re 14 or 40 - is real and it matters. If you’ve found yourself on the receiving end of shouting, insults, blame or emotional manipulation from your child, this space is for you. You are not alone. Verbal abuse can take many forms and not all of them are loud or obvious. Some common examples include: Repeated criticism or personal attacks Name-calling, sarcasm or mockery Shouting or aggressive tone Gaslighting or manipulation (“You’re imagining it” / “You always make it about you”) Blame-shifting and emotional guilt trips Intimidating silence or threats These behaviours, especially when ongoing, can leave emotional bruises that are hard to explain to others or even to ourselves. For many parents, the verbal abuse doesn’t start all at once. It might begin as eye-rolling, snide remarks or even sudden mood swings. But over time, those moments become more frequent, more intense, more targeted. The home no longer feels like a place of peace. Interactions start to feel unsafe. “She speaks to me like I’m her enemy. I raised her with love, but now I feel like nothing I do is ever right in her eyes” -Mum to a 17-year-old daughter “I dread phone calls from my adult son. He rings only to shout and unload on me. I hang up shaking every single time” -Dad of a 33-year-old son “My teenager calls me names I wouldn't repeat in front of anyone. It’s like living with someone who hates me,I feel ashamed saying that” - Parent of a 15-year-old “I never thought I’d have to protect myself emotionally from my own child. But here I am trying to keep my boundaries and stay sane” - Mum to a 28-year-old daughter These words reflect a growing reality for many families... a reality that often gets hidden behind closed doors. When verbal abuse comes from a stranger it’s unpleasant. When it comes from your own child , the one you’ve fed, cared for, worried over, and loved unconditionally - it can feel like a betrayal. Parents often experience a mix of emotions: Shock and disbelief – “How did it get to this?” Shame – “Am I the only one dealing with this?” Guilt – “What did I do wrong?” Fear or anxiety – Dreading the next conversation or interaction Loneliness – Feeling unable to share the experience without judgement You may also feel torn between wanting to keep the connection and needing to protect your emotional wellbeing. It’s often assumed that once children reach adulthood, their relationship with their parents will naturally shift into one of mutual respect. But this isn’t always the case. Some adult children continue (or begin) to speak to their parents in ways that are controlling, hurtful or emotionally volatile. These interactions may be laced with some kind of resentment, blame for past decisions or expectations of endless emotional or financial support. In these situations, many parents struggle with a sense of powerlessness. After all, you can’t “ground” a 30-year-old. But your emotional safety still matters and it’s okay to acknowledge when something isn’t right. You can love your child deeply and still feel the pain of being treated unkindly. You can want healing and still need space. You can seek support without shame. Even in the face of verbal abuse, your worth as a parent does not diminish. You are still deserving of respect, of peace and of a life where you’re not walking on eggshells in your own home or heart. If your child is speaking to you in ways that hurt. If you feel exhausted, blamed or disrespected, you are not overreacting. If you find yourself dreading their calls or presence, you are not alone. You can love your child and still take care of yourself. You are worthy of respect. You are allowed to feel safe. And you are not alone.